Obesity: a chronic disease
Obesity is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a chronic disease
- It is characterised by an excessive accumulation of body fat that can have health consequences.
- It progresses over time and requires appropriate care, often over the long term.
- Contrary to some misconceptions, it does not depend solely on eating behaviour.
Why do we gain weight?
Weight gain results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, but this explanation is oversimplified. And there is more to it than that…
Biological factors
- genetic predispositions
- hormonal function
- appetite regulation
Environmental factors
- food availability
- sedentary lifestyle
- pace of life
Behavioural factors
- eating habits
- relationship with food
Psychological factors
- stress
- emotions
- eating disorders
Why is it difficult to lose weight sustainably?
Losing weight may be possible, but maintaining weight loss over time is often difficult. The whole challenge is to build a new identity and a new path to get there, thanks to neuroplasticity.
Several mechanisms explain this difficulty:
- the body adapts to weight loss;
- metabolism may slow down;
- hunger may increase;
- lifestyle habits are difficult to change sustainably.
These factors explain why weight regain is common.
The health consequences of obesity
Obesity can have significant consequences.
It is associated with an increased risk of:
- type 2 diabetes and its precursor, insulin resistance;
- chronic liver disease
- high blood pressure;
- cardiovascular disease;
- sleep apnoea;
- joint disorders.
- gynaecological disorders: fertility issues, PCOS, endometriosis.
These complications can affect quality of life and reduce life expectancy.
A disease that requires comprehensive care
Obesity care cannot be limited to a single surgical approach.
It is based on:
- An understanding of the disease and its consequences;
- the patient’s commitment to their transformation;
- adapting lifestyle.
In some cases, other options may be considered or used in combination.
What solutions are available to manage obesity?
Several approaches may be offered:
- diet and lifestyle measures;
- medical support;
- drug treatments;
- obesity surgery in certain cases.
The choice depends on the patient’s situation.